Apparatus for and method of transmitting photographs and other pictures telegraphically



1. E. HOMANS.

TRANSMITTING PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER PICTURES TELEGRAPHICALLY. I

APPLICATION HLEI] JUNE 4, I915. 1,356,767.

APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD or Patented Oct. 26, 192 0.

3 SHEETS-SI'IEET I.

I nvamtair fiflm 1.. E. HOMANS- v APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF TRANSMITTING PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER PICTURES TELEGRAPH'ICALLY.

APPLICATION FILED Ju'NE 4, ms.

Patented Oct. 26, 1920-.

@SHEETS-SHEE'T 2 J. E. HOMANS.

' -"APPARATUSFOR1ANDVMETHOD 0 TRANSMITTING PHOTOGRAPHS AND QTHER'PICTU'RES TELEGRAPHICALLY. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4.4.915.

'Patented 0011.26, 1920.

3 S'HEETSSHEET -3.

ywwm

a providean apparatus and method of;the nature referred to, wherein .provision s made I to transmit telegraphically not only "the maximum and of a photograph, picture or the likeilbut also UNITED STATES.-

PATENTVFOFFICE.

JAMES n nouns, on NEW YORK, 1r. Y.

, "APPARATUS:FOR AND'-1ETHOD=OF TRANSMITTING" PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER specification of Letters Patent.

' PIQTURES TELEGRAPHICALLY.

Application filed time 4,1915. .Serial No. 32,090.

T 0 all whom it may cance /n: 7

Be it lmown that I, JAMEs E. HoarANs, a citizen of the United States, residing .at New York city, in the county andState of New York, have made acertain new and useful invention in Apparatus for and Methods of Transmitting. Photographs and other Pictures ,Teleg aphi-cally.

The object of the invention is to provide.

an apparatus and method which is simple, in

construction and arrangement, and efiicient and. reliable inoperation, 1 for, telegraphically transmitting .-photographs, prints," p c; tures, or the like;

A further object of the invention is. to

minimum contrasts of colors the intermediate shades orv colors t er'eo'f. iA further object of the invention is to provide a system-of the nature referred to capable of being "operated over. ordinary 1 service telegraph lines, employing the ordinary line batteries or other current Sources,

utilizing simple current impulses without reversals of the polarity thereof, and without involving any changes inthe usualtelegraph line arrangements other than attaching the instruments'to the line circuit terminals.

Other objects of -the' invention will appear more fully hereinafter.

The invention consists substantially in the construction, combination, location and relative arrangement of parts and mode of Fig. 2 s a similarvieW showinga stylus arrangement adapted for use in securing the desired current pulsations to be sent to the line wire in accordance with my invention.

Fig.3 is a similar view showing an arrangement and relation of relays for controlling the line impulses, and which, in

Patented Oct. 26, 1920.

turn are controlled by circuit connections effected by the operation of the stylus arrangement shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. '4, is a similar view. showin the relay system of Fig. 3 with the additlonal circuit connections required to govern and control thecurreiit impulses sent to the line to produce the dots and fdashes and the relation thereof, for efficient transmission of the-maximum and minimum as well asthe intermediate contrasts of colors or shades of the photograph or other picture to be sent, Fig-5 is a similar view'showing partsand' circuit connectionsemployed in connection with the receiver.- v

Fig. 615 a View in diagram illustrating the operation of a graduated shutter adapt,-

ed for use, in one form of embodiment of my' invention, in connection with the re} ceiver.

Figs. 7 and 8 are detail views showing.

certain parts employed in connection with the synchronizing apparatus employed in I connection with, my invention.

, The same part is designated by the same reference character wherever it 1 appears throughout the several views.'-

In the efforts heretofore made to transmit photographs, prints, pictures of the like havin variations-of'shades or colors, telegraphlcally, successful and satisfactory results have been materially and substantiall prescribed by reason of the fact that multitudinous and complicated combinations and groups of impulses are required which in volve the use of complicated-circuit connections and delicate adjustments. Most of the former systems, moreover are exceedingly slow in'operation, and where current impulses are employed the excessively large number of impulses required invite derange ment' due to static'or; other interference in the line, and, where. current fluctuations are employed the operation of line relays is im-' possible, hence requiring special telephonic r V or metallic circuits, which materiallyreduces the universal or extensive use of such-systems, and the distance through-which trans mission maybe accomplished.

In the systems heretofore attempted it has also been impossible to. secure 'e'flicient transmission over telegraph lines of the intermediate colors or shades of a photo-- graph or picture thereby preventing accurate reproduction of the transmitted pictures, particularly in the case of photographs. This. failure of the prior systems with which I am familiar to efficiently transmit the intermediate colors or shades I corresponding Thus,'in accordance with mynnvention, I

and practically accomplished without the necessity of employing multitudinous impulses, or complicated combinations or groups of such impulses, without emiploy ing' complicated circuit connections or arrangements'or delicate adjustments wherein rapid transmission is eifected with decreased danger of static interference on the line.

I -'In carrying out my invention, and in the arrangement hereinafter described as an illustrative embodiment of means and methods to accomplish my objects andpur poses, I propose to. send current impulses over the line of such character as to effect the proper operation of line relays or transfer devices whereby I am'enabled to employ the ordinarycommercial grounded telegraph wires in the transmission of pictures, prints, photographs or the like', there by materially increasing theex'tent of use 6 the system v and also the distance of transmissiomand it necessity work over. special v metallic circuit lmes. v

-I also propose to employ-means to; secure and maintain the'proper successionor time sequence of the transmitted impuls'esmorrespondingthe various worse-ti shades occurr ng vln a picture. or photo" aph.

pro ose to provide means and methods to sen the properimpulses to line to' telegraph cally transmit, for example, the

maximum dark of a picture, and tofollow such impulses in sequential order with other impulses for transmitting successively the dark gray, thelight gray and, finally the maximum light, the 1ntermediate"colorsor shades, dark gray and light gray, between the maximum dark and maximum light, being ordinariI-y suflicient for all practical purposes. The fixed order or se-i quence above stated, as an example and by e circuits such as telephonic orwhether followed in positive or in reverse direction. 5

. I also propose, inaccordance with the principles of my inventionQto secure. and maintain suitable and proper synchronism of the transmitting and receiving devices, as an essential feature for successfully; ac-

Y complishing the telegraphic g-transmission q of ictures, photographs or the like.

ther specialffeatures of my invention will be more fully hereinafter set forth,

' The accompanying drawings show essen--,

tial details and circuit arrangements reduced to a simple form, for illustrative'pur Way of illustration, is always maintained poses, although it will be" readily understood by persons skilled in-the art that practical use and operation many details-not necessary here to show or describe, will be em loyed. 3

eferring to 1', I'have shown at A,

.a cylinder detachably connected tjo ior ready removal from a hollow shaft A'.' This shaftis interiorly threaded toreceive a screw threaded spindle -A which is' fi'xed in a suitable stationary support indicated at A By rotating shaft A it is caused to progress along the spindle A after the manner of anut traveling along a screw shaft. Rotation maybe imparted to the shaft A, in

any suitable manner'and at asuitably regulated speed in synchronisrnwith other parts of the apparatus or system. In the form shown a gear A* is mounted on shaft A to rotate therewith but held against movement in such manner that the shaft A is rotated when the gear A is driven, and is also moved longitudinally through the hub of said gear. A feather or spline in thehub" of gear A working a longitudinal groove or slot A in shaft A', permits this operation. A gear A-mounted on a shaft A meshes with and, when driven, drives gear A. The g earA i's fric'tionally driven from shaft A, by means of a friction plate A carried by-and rotatin'g'with shaft A and yieldingly pressed aga nst the terposed between-said. plate A" and an adjusting nut-A, cuppa upon a threaded portion of said'shdft g 8' for instance, b'y'mea-ns of a spring A mii: c The. t'ier be dr ven in any suitable oroonvement man ner, as, for instandm'bydntermeshing worm gears A", from anyconvenient source. The apparatus .so far described is the same whether for transmitting a or for "receiving,

the only difierences in arrangement when used for the one purpose orthe. other being the substitution of a suitable camera shutter controlling device for the cylinder A at the receiving station, and the arrangement' of synchronizing devices, It is also to be nnderstood that inasmuch as the cylinder A is designed to support orcarry the photograph, print, picture or the like which is to be reproduced at theidistant receivingstation,

or, if not the picture itself, then a cast negative, or other, form of the picvfiure suitable for'use in controlling by the colors or shades of the picture the proper impulses to be sent to the line, and required for reproducing or duplicating the corresponding colors or shades at the distant receiving end of the line, therefore the specific form of the holder A will vary according to the particular formin which the picture to be transmittedis to be employed at the transmitting end. I

shall refer to the form of picture employed at the transmitting station to control the line impulses, as the originaland whether it be aphotograph, print, or other'formof picture. This original, as above indicated, may be of any desired form, such, for instance, as .a transparency designed to be rotated between a beam for light and a selenium cell, in order to control the impulses sent to line. In the particular form shown as illus-- trating the principles of my invention 1 employ an originalin the form of a bichromate gelatin relief. This relief may be of-any desired or suitable shape. I have shown it, for

illustrative urposes, in'the, form of a cylinder, 10, see ig. 2, and applied to the exterior surface of the holderA. By makingvthe holder A detachable from its operating shaft A, therefore, I amenabled to substi tute any desired form of holder as determined by the character of original em 'ployed. r

In the practical operation ofapparatus of the nature to which my invention relates, it is necessary to provide suitable means to secure synchronism of the transmitting and receiving apparatus.

pulse sent to the line as a result of the control thereover of agiven point in the operation of the origina holder A shall be registered at precisely the same point on the corresponding holderor. device at the receiving station. To. accomplish this resultvarious arrangements may be employed. As illustrative of a simple arrangement for accomplishingthe desired r'esults, Ipro'vide means for arresting the rotatien of the shaft A, at the receiving station at theend of each complete rotation thereof," and'preleasing the same again by an. impulse sent over the line I ,-when' the corresponding shaft. at the trans mitting station is inprecisely the same position in its rotative movement. This arrest ofthe'shaft 'A,=may be easily-accomplished,

if required to secure synchronism,'where, as

" shown,.said shaft is driven through the friction drivemeans y scribed. The stop device shown for accomplishing the synchronizing-faction referred to, and as illustrative ofthe principles involved, consists of a disk or collar T, car-' ried by preferably insulated from h ft'g o That is to say it is necessary to provide means whereby an im- -'lay R, through :wire'21i, wire 22} contact Q, switch Q to groundor retnfiilfifthiarebj i terminal-ER. lllh'e'reupon .an'

and having a cam projection T, thereon, see Fig. 8. This projection at the proper point in the rotation of shaft engages a spring contact .T which normally is closed upon the. I Y

terminal T and pushes the same out of com tact, with said terminal. This act-ion, .oc-Q curs each time the shaft A l, :or A, ap- 'proaches the end of a complete revolutlon.

At the end of the complete revolution of said shafts the spring contact T is carried into contact with terminal T. 'When contact spring T leaves terminal T the battery circuit which is "controlled b the relay m g e may be traced'from battery asffollo'ws;

, through wire 11, contact spring Tibtermi'nal T-,wire 12, terminalD', armature 2 (when relay magnet D- is energized) to line wire LT. When contact spring T is moved into contact with terminal T the synchronizing or release impulse is sent over the line 'wire',

is' opened at T his circnit assuming that switch Q has been moved into contact with terminal Q, and the switch Q has also been moved into contactfw'ith '1 terminal Q the circuit at the transmitting station being traced as follows: fro1'n bat: tery X, wire 11, spring. T terminal T,

wire 13, switch Q, terminal Q, line wire L,

returning from thedistant receiving station through opposite lead or ground L switch Q terminaLQ, wire 14 to theyother side of the battery X. The switchesQ, Q

should be moved into the respective 'posi-.

tions thereof as above statedwhen the a paratus ,is in operation for transmission. t

operation for-transmission the stop device I which cooperateswith the stop K fas-' the same time, or when the apparatus is tened ,toshaft A, see Fig. 7 should also be moved back out of engagement withIthe -St0 K. i 4 7 \Then the apparatus is to be used for' re ceiving the Switches Q. and Q should be moved into-positionvto contact, respectively,

with terminals Q ,Q'*, and the catch device K should be in engagement with'the stop? K, at the proper point: in the rota-tion of shaft A This point corresponds to the neutral and starting position of the parts at both the transmitting and receiving stations With the shaft A, or A, having uSteomplete'd a revolution and not yet commenced another. I

ceiv'ing, impulses are sent to the linejfwire inafter explained. 5 Atihe, receiving tatioz; the impulses comeinover the line-wire 1L and effect the energizationTofpolariZed-"reunpu-lse cir eiefat;the;reeeiving station is closed as follows: from the right hand pole or battery X, through wire 14, wire 15, armatureR- terminal R, wire 16, Wire 17, to the receiving relays, presently to be described, and back through w1re 18, terminal S, armature S, wire 19, and wire,

to the other pole of battery X. At the instant of synchronism, which should be as nearly simultaneous as possible at both the transmitting and receiving ends although 'in practice the receiving shaft might be adjusted to revolve slightly faster than the corresponding shaft at the transmitter, the a contact between spring T and terminal T is made, as above explained, therebyclosin the following circuit from the battery X namely, through wire 14, wire 15, wire 23, magnet S, wire 24, contact Q switch Q,

- wire 13, terminal T spring T and wire 11 back to battery X. The resulting energiza tion of magnet S, attracts its armature S thereby completing circuit between armature S and terminal S, and at the same time ringing bell S The contact of armature- S with terminal S, completes the following circuit: from'battery K, through wire 14, wire 25, magnet S wire 26, terminal S, armature S wire 27, wire 20, to the other side of the battery X, The completact with terminal S terminal R, thereby closing the following circuit: from battery X, through wire 14, w re 15, armature R terminal R, wire 16, w1re28, magnet K wire 29, magnet S wire 30, terminal n armature S, wire 19, wire '20, to the other side of the battery The completion of this circuit not only energizes magnet K thereby releasing the catch K from stop K, and permitting the further rotation of shafts A and A, but it also causes bell 'S to sound through the striking thereagainst of the clapper on the armature S of magnet S, which magnet is energized by the closing of the same circuit.-

The time interval between the sounding of the two bells indicates the closeness of the synchronism, and this time interval may be adjusted to the'required or desired extent.

The two signals should be adjusted to follow each other in -very close succession if the proper synchronism is observedso that the arrest of shaft A is s'carcely'perceptible.

While. the double signal is not necessary,

and one or both may be omitted, or the mag:

not S may be dispensed with and its associated bell S controlled by the armature S, of magnet S, the arrangement as shown is simple and illustrates the principles of my invention.

I will now describe the arrangement at the transmitting station for sending the revas above explained, the colors or shades of the picture should be transmitted in fixed sequential order, from the maximum dark to the maximum light, or vice versa, through the intermediate stages of color or shade. Thus if a black immediately succeeds a white on the photograph to be transmitted, the impulses corresponding to the intermediate colors or shades of light gray and dark gray, must be sent over the line after the white and before the black impulse is sent. By observing this fixed sequence of transmission of impulses I am enabled to avoid seriously complicated impulse-combinations while securing a transmission of a suiiicient range of colors or shades for all practical purposes.

The desired sequential or successive order of impulses may be secured in many diflerent ways and by various arrangements, dependent upon the particular character of original of the picture to be transmitted. \Vhere a' bichromate photo-relief is em ployed, as in the case which I have selected for illustrative purposes, the desired result is easily attained by means of stylus operating over the surface of the relief originalPand the movements of the stylus employed to control suitable circuit con nections. In this case a film of gelatin,

- sensitized with potassium bichromate is exposed to light under a photographic negathe the portions of the photograph which are light (dark on the negative) protect the bichromate film from the action of the light rays, and hence the surface of the film covered by said portions will not be affected.

On the other hand, the, portions of the photograph which are dark. (light on the negative) will allow the light to penetrate to, the surface oft-he sensitized film and exert a maximum effect thereon. The intermediate shades or colors of the photographic negative will', of course, corrcspond ingly afi'ect the surface of the sensitized film, according to the degree of light permitted-by themv to penetrate to the filnn After the exposure of such a film under a-photograph.

the film is immersed-in a bath of cold water with the result that the portions of the surface thereof which have not been affected by i the light of the exposure will swell to the vgreatest height, while those which have received the maximum effect of the light will not swell, and the portions of the film sur face which were under the intermediate shades of the photograph willswell to an extent dependent upon the degree of light permitted by the negative to penetrate to the film surface. There is thus produced a surface in cameo-relief in which the areas corresponding to the whitest or lightest vportions of the-photograph are elevated to the greatest extent,'and the areas corresponding to the darkest portions of the photogra h are not elevated or raised at all, while t e areas corresponding to the intermediate shades are elevated to an extent dependent upon the degree of light or dark in the, corresponding portions of the photograph.

Now, by 'suitably operating a stylus over this film surface, so prepared, a movement of the stylus is secured as'it follows the irregular cameo surface of the film,- and these movements of the stylus are utilized to suitably control electric circuits for sending the required impulses to line, such control in accordance with my invention, consisting in making or breaking the necessary and corresponding. circuit connectlons to make or break the circuits. In other words I employ the cameo surface to accomplish the necessary successive or sequential closing of relay circuits.

It is obvious that the cameo-film may be employed in any desired form for coaction therewith of the stylus which controls the circuit contacts or connections. As illustrative oftone form of operative embodiment of my invention the cameo-film is applied to or wound upon the exterior surface of the cylinder A at the transmitting station. This cylinder, constituting a. holder, as above explained, is not only ro- 'tated but is simultaneously moved endwise by reason of its connection with shaft A and the connection of the latter with the screw spindle A The arrow in Fig. 2 indicates the direction of rotation of the cylinder A.

Bearing against the cameo relief film 10, is a stylus B. which is carried'and yield ingly impelled endwise into contact with the film 10in any suitable manner, as, for instance, by the spring or equivalent member B. secured in any suitable way to any convenient fixed point indicated at B and thus is enabled to follow the variations in.

heights and depths of the cameo relief surface of the film in a path around and around the circumference of the cylinder as the latter rotates and progresses longitudinally. A longitudinally reciprocatory movement is thus imparted to the stylus with constant variations in lengths oftravel dependent upon the variations in the surface of the film with which it coacts'. A. rack bar B is arranged to be reciprocated back and forth in accordance with the movements of the stylus. A simple arrangement is shown diagrammatically wherein the rack bar B i is yieldingly impelled endwise by aspring B, into bearing relation against the spring or member B. Meshing with the rack B mined areas. and are in electric connection with the shaft B 9. Of course, if desirable,

the pinion B and rack bar 13*, may be electrically insulated from shaft B The shaft B is in electrical connection through wire 31, with one pole or side of the station current source, as battery K, see Fig. 3. Bear ing against the face of disk B", aresuitable spring contact wipers B 13", B and similarly, bearing against the face of disk B are the spring contact Wipers. B B B These spring contacts, in practice, are made adjustable in order to regulate the exact point at which circuit connection between each of them and its coiiperating conducting portion 13, B is madeor broken. The positions of the spring contacts, however, are fixed with relation to each other, and in such relation that in the cycle or operation of the apparatus the circuits controlled by' said contacts are made or broken in sequential order, the contacts B and B preceding in. action their respectively next adjacent contacts B B and the latter, in like manner, preceding in action the contacts B B,

respectively. It is by means of this arrangement and relation that I am enabled to secure and maintain in transmission, in the' initial stages thereof, the required fixed sequential order of transmission of the various colors or shades of the photograph to be transmitted.

' As will be obvious the disks B B may have any suitable relation, arrangement or structure, the important feature being that the conducting segments or portions B B shall retain their positions relative to each other, as indicated in the diagram of Fig. 2, a rotative displacement of the one conductor segment through any given extent being accompanied by a similar displacement of the other through exactly the same extent. Likewise it is essential that the several contacts shall operate in pairs, B with B, B with B and 1 with B, and that'the one set 13 ,13 B, be normally in circuit contact ith their associated conductor segment B f, while the other set is normally out of circuit pontact with their conductor segment B YWith these conditions obtaining it is quite immaterial what the structure or arrangement of the disks B, B, may be.

The operation of this part of tus is as follows: The stylus B, following the inequalities of the-surface of the film 10, on cylinder A, causes the rack bar 13, to shift back and forthendwise, thereb rotativ'ely moving I pinion B, the shaft conductor segment carriers 13, B to a proportional extent. The rotation of the members B B, from the normal positions thereof indicated in the diagram of Fig;

dicated by the arrows, the rack bar B moving outward or away from the cylinder A.

When the conductor segments, or their carriers, are thus rotatively moved through a .12, will be clockwise in ,the direction in sufiicient angular distance determined by the,

character of the surface of'the film over which the stylus operates, the contact 13, %asses out of contact with conductor segment and contact B passes into contact with.

segment B. This point, again is determined also by the adjustment of the contracts B", B, with relation to the lowest point of elevation of the film surface. In the progress of the rack'bar as determined by I the passage of the stylus from this point of minimum height of the film surface to the point of maximum height of such surface,

the three contacts B B B, are brought in successive order into contact with the segment B, while the contacts B B, B, are carried, successively out of contact with segment B. The reverse movement of the rack bar secures the same sequential .order of make and break of the circuits controlled by the several spring contacts.

I will now explain the action which takes place whenthe circuit make and break operations Just described are accomplished, particular reference being had to Fi s. 3 and 1.

The spring contacts B B are respectively included in circuit through the -Wires 32, 33, 34, with relfay magnets C, C C and the contacts B B B are likewise included, respectively, in circuit through wires 35, 36, 37 with relay magnets C, C

C The respective relay magnets of these sets/are arranged'in cooperating pairs 0',

C, C C and C3, Cfl-as shown, the circuit of one member of each pair being brokenat the same time that of the othermember is the appara and the completed through the action of the conduc tor segments B B and their cooperating spring contacts, as above described. The partsare shown in-diagram in Fi .3, as ooz cupymg their normal position with no 9.0-

of minimum hei ht in the film su'rfae. Associated with the respective pairs of tivity taking place, and the stylus at a point We relay magnetsare members C,- C", 0", eachthe other pole or side of the current source X, from that which is connected to the shaft B or conductor segments B B ,Simt

larly, the member 0 is moved in one direction or the other by the armatures C, (3

of magnets (RC respectivel so as to contact with the terminals C as the case may be. The member C is in electrical connection through wire 39, withterminal (1 The member C in like manner is moved in one direction or the other to. make contact with terminals C C, as the case may be,

by the armatures d C of magnets C C, respectively. -Thismember C is in electrical connection through \wire 40, with terminal C. I

In the operation of the apparatus for transmission, when the ,circuit connection between contact B and segment Bl, is completed and that between the coeperating contact B and segment B isbroken, as above explained, the circuit of magnet C is completed as follows: from battery or other current source X, through wire 31, segment 13 1*, contact B wire 32, magnet C, wire 41, terminal C member C wire 38 to the op posite side or pole of the battery. In order that this circuit may be closed two conditions must concur, namely, the contact C must bear on segment B and the member C, must be in contact with terminal 0. At the same time the circuit of magnet C is closed the circuitof magnet C is opened at B B. This circuit, when closed may be traced as follows :from battery X, wire- 31, segment B contact B wire 35, magnet v Cfl'wire 42, wire 43, terminal-C member C wire 39, terminal C member C and wire 38, and return to battery. In order that this circuit'may be closed the contact B must bear on segment B 5 and contact members C and 0 must be in position to contact respectively with terminals C and C The closing of the circuit of magnet C causes said magnet to become energized thereby attracting its armature C and hence moving member C awa minal-Q and into contact with terminal from ter- I tion, or to the action of magnet C bythe brought into contact with segment B. This 1 This action causes'thecircuitfof magnet to be opened at the :ter-

'minal C, and thiscircuit cannot be recs- 'tablished until after contact B 'a 'the member C is moved into 'contact with terminal C, as above explained by the energization of-magnet C, the conditions are established for completing the circuit of, magnet-C as soon as the contact ,3" is occurs at the same time contact 3 leaves segment B. When contact B contacts 4 with segment B, under the conditions as explained, the circuit of magnet 3 is com plcted as follows :from batte K, through wire 31, segment B, contact w1re 33, magnet'C, wire 44, wire 43, terminal C member O, wire 39, terminal C, member C wire 38, and return to battery. The circult of magnet C would be closed at the same time were it not for the fact-that said circuit, at this stage is opened between conv I tact B and segment B The apparatus is therefore, at this stage ready to respond to the actionof-magnet C bythe rotatlvedlsplacement of the segment B, in one direcrotativc displacement of segment B", in the opposite direction, that is, whether the stylus passes to a raised or to a depressed portion of the film surface. In the former case the ma net C 'will be energized and m the latter case magnet C will be energized, and in the latter, event the apparatus is restored'to normal. If the magnet C is energized the resulting attraction of its armature C" will cause member C to move into contact with terminal C and out of contact with terminal C. This puts the-apparatus in condition for a further rotation of the segments B, Bf, in I either a forward or a reverse direction, that is, into condition for the stylus to move over either a higher or a lower elevation of the film surface. If it be a higher elevation then contact-B, is brought into contact witlf the segment B, and 13 is carried out of contact with segment B. This action completes circuit through magnet C as follows from battery X, wire 31, segment B, contact B, wire 34, magnet C wire 45, wire 46. terminal C; member wire 40, terminal C member C wire 39, terminal C, member C", wire 38 and return to battery. The completion of this circuit wouldalso complete the circuit of magnet C", through wires 36, 47. 46, and on as just traced, were it not for the fact that said circuit, under the conditions named is open between contact B and segment B. It will be seen that this circuit is completed only when contact 13, contact 199, wire 37, magnet- B is on segment B, -and also,-'only-after latact B, and segment B t was established.-

The first reverse step after the maximum is reached brings contact B, again into contact with the so cut B thereupon completin the circuit of ma et C9, as follows: from battery X, throng wire 31i-J segment nal C, member C", and on tothe return tobattery through the path last traced. The closing of this circuit energizes ma et C, thereby attractin its armature and causing member with terminal C and into contact 'with terminal C". This breaks the circuit of magnetic, but leaves the ap aratus in condition either for a next succee ing forward movement which would bring contact B again into connection with segment B, thereby again completing the circuit of magnet G,-

with the resultant operations as above described; or for .a next succeeding reverse to move out of contact termi-.

movement which would again bring contact B into contact with segment B, therely again completing the circuit'of magnet scribed.

Thus it'will beseen thatthe energization ofieach magnet of the series and which, for convenience'of description I will refer to as transmitter relays, breaks its own circuit but leaves the apparatus in condition for further .operation in-either forward or reverse direction, but that throughout the operation a with the resultant operations above de- I fixed sequential order of operation is secured and maintained whether in forward or reverse operation, and no two magnets can be energized at the same time, the magnets C, C C, being energized successively in the forward operation of the apparatus, that is when the stylus asses from. say, a minimum to a maximum eight on the film surface,

successive order when the stylus passes in reverse dlrectlon from a maxlmum. to a -minimum height of'the-film surface. I But at while the relavs C :C C are ener ized in v a 7 a g the impulses which are senttothe line and i which operate the receiving apparatus in suitable and corresponding manner to be hereinafter described, to reproduce in the same-sequential order the maximum intermediate and minimum colors or shades of the photograph which is-being transmitted."

The impulse control operation of these magnets is diagrammatically illustrated. in Fig. 4. v r

In accomplishing the function of controlling the lineimpulscs the armature of each of the transmitter relays, when attracted by the energization of its associated magnet, completes a circuit connection from the local current source-01' battery to the line,

thereby sending a current impulse to line when the transmitter relay magnet is energized, and, iii aecordanee with 'my invention, and according to the sequential order of operation of the triuismitter relays, as determined by th'esnecessiye se uenee of colors or shades in the. photogra ili to be transmitted, as above described,- these impulses are also sent to line in corresponding sequential order depending upon the sequence of shades or colors-of the photograph. Also, in accordance with my invention, I propose to so adjust and regulate the circuit connections employed in sending out the line impulses, in transmitting. as to control the t me duration of each impulse, and, if desired, and preferably. to relatively vary. the duration of the impulses sent to line by the operatiou'of the transmitter stylus in one direction, as compared with that of the impulses sent to line by the operation of the stylus in the other direction. In other words, and for illustration, as the stylus passes successively from a minimum to or toward a maximum height of film surface I propose, in accordance. with my invention, to send to 'T'line correspondingly successive short impulses, say, of the order of transmitted. dots of the ordinary telegraph operation, and when thestylusbperatcs in reverse direction, that'is, from a maximum to or toward a minimum height of the film surface, I propose to send successive corrc- Tn,-the' form shown as illustrative of the principles of my invention them-matures C", C", C" C". C, C", respectively carry the arms (5'', c",- c, c, c", c, said arms respectively with conductconductor members are connected to the line, and for .the purpose of adjustment each set is mounted on a carrier C, with which engages'an adjusting screw C. In order to secure an increased duration of the imllllSBsSQIlt toline, bythe magnet relays C,

C, the conductor members C, (13,0 are preferably of greater relative transverse widths than that of the members C C20, C21 v The armature of each of the impulse con.- trolling relaysis suitably connected to one side or pole of battery X. Thus, armature C", is connected through wire 41 to termi-- nal C, and thence to battery through member C, and wire 38, when'said member C" has been moved into contact with said: terminal. The armature C" is connected through wire 48, to terminal C, and thence to battery through, member C" and wire 38 when said member C is moved into contact with said terminal C In like manner ar- 100 mature C" is connected through Wires 49,

44, and 43 to terminal C, and thence on to battery; the armature C, through wires 50 and 40 to terminal C", and on to battery; armature C, through wires 51-, 45,105

and 46, to terminal C and on to battery;

and armature. C through wires 52 to terminal C,a.nd on to the battery, all as before explained in connection with the circuits of the relay magnets themselves. Thus it will be seen that the same sequential order as before is maintained in thcimpulses sent to line as in the case of the operatlon of the relay magnets,'this order being controlled as before explained by the movements of the stylus as determined by the 4 configuration of the film surface over which it operates. It will also be seen that whenever the circuit of any relay magnet is I opened, the impulse circuit controlled by its associated armature is likewise opened.

From the foregoing'description it will be evident that when the stylus passes consecutively through the complete distance from a minimum height to amaximum height in the surfaceofthe filmthree dot impulses are successively sent to the line, and when said stylus passes consecutively through the complete reverse distance, that, is from a *mcximumtolminimumhcightoffllmlurno- 25 quire a normal complete opening of the face three dash? impulses areisent 1 to line,

,The line impulses dots and .dashes respect to aphotographic film which is actuated ormoved in synchron'sim with the .cameo-film at the transmitting station. If a positive pictures is employed at the trans mitter, the normal conditionofthe light chamber at the receiving end should be that of complete closure of the shutter. This would leave the film unaffected by light, thereby printingblack on the receiver film and producing a true negative. If a negative is employed at the transmitter this arrangement would give a true positive pictime at the receiver. The production o'fza negative at the receiver would of course recamera shutter at the beginning of the recelving operation. In the case of the negative therefore, the sequence would beblack, dark, gray, light gray, white,-while in the case of .the positive this sequence would be just the reverse.

In Fig. 5 I have shown, diagrammatically an illustrativearrangement of step-by-step mechanism for operating the shutter of the receiving camera.- The polarized relay mag-- net R which is shown and referred toin connection with the description of Fig. 1, is energized by the impulses which come in over the line wire from the distant trans? mitting station, and which are inaugurated and'controlled as I have already explained. I W'Vhenthe magnet R is energized by .a received impulse it attracts its armature B, which is thereby brought into contact-with.

' v terminal B. This action completes thefollowing circuit: from 'local current source X, through wire 53, armature R terminal R, wire 54, magnet R wire 55 tothe other side of the :current source X. Ifthe received impulse is a short one, that is, if it is R to which is "connected anarm R lpon this arm is pivotally mounted a pawl As the arm R moves toward the magnet R the pawl R thereon-engages the nearest juiztaposedtooth ofa ratchet wheel R mountedupon a suitable shaft R3, thereby. rotatively displacing, said ratchet wheel andshaft through an an u:

lax-distance sufiicient-to allow the pawl rent impulse ceases. .plvoted the pawl R is enabled to swing tu'rn movement;

.loosely past the teeth of ratchet R". t The cycle of operation' justdescribed, 125;}

to clear and pass on beyond the toothwith. which. it engaged. This movement of arm R is against the action of asuitable re-: tractileR, which serves to return said arm to its normal position the instant th'e cur-v.70 By .reason:.of being loosely and idly over the ratchet teeth on wheel R during the retracting movement:v

of arm R. The immediate effect of rotat-i ing-the ratchet R and shaft B, through the specified angular distance is. to rotate a roller orwheel R", which is also mount.-- ed on or driven from the same shaftlt I through the same angular distance, thereby so'; bringing a conductor segment R carried thereby, into electricalconnection with acontact 11 The segment R ,is in electrical connection with one pole of the station; -battery X, and therefore the following cir- '85 'cuit'is completed: from battery X, through wire 53,- wire 56, wire 57, shaft R segment R contact R wire 58, magnet-R wire 59, terminal R arm RF, wire 60 to the other pole of the battery. The armJR. is normally held in contact with terminal as, for instance, by means of a spring-E The arm R however, as it approaches-the;- j limit of its ratchet actuating throw en'-- gages the arm R and moves it awayfrom t terminal R and into" contact Witha trmi nal B, said arm R being restored ,to its normal position in contact with terminal.

R only after the arm; R3 has moved? through a predetermined distanoein its re-.100

Consequently the Cil'CllliLv of magnet R is not completed until after: magnet R has ceased to act. The magnet R is of the same'type as R?, and'to thecore R thereof is connected an arm-R which carries a pivoted pawl R arranged .to 0perate in connection with the teeth of a ratchet wheel R also mounted on shaft of rotative displacement to bewimparted to shaft R, in the same-manner as before de-' scribed in connection with ratchet .Wheel 1151 R This second'step of rotation impar ed to. shaft R causes the segment carrier- R to rotate into position to'carrythe-conta'ct R off ,of'conductor segment-R and on to an;-insulated surface of said carrierailzoc Thisopens the circuit of magnet-B there.-

.by causing the armRQ'to return toits n01 mal position, the pivoted pawl R flwipingm namely, the. momentary;,energizationof; magnets R? and R1? in succession with the:

resultant rotative actuations of shaft R is-- accomplished as'a result of a single impulse? A second orv dotreceived over the line.

impulse or dot received over the line I repeats this same cycle or operation, the

I ing the circuit of magn .magnet move the shaft R to cause the conductor segment R to 'be brought into electrical contact with contact R thereby again clos- ;positions. In like manner a-third impulse fit . contact with'contact R 9, and then carried the conductor segment R ,'to be brought into I on" beyond said contact.

; '-The step-by-step rotati've movements imparted to shaft.B ,.are-uti1ized to operate the camera mechanism, and it will be ob-' served thatthe camera shutter is thus actuated twice for each received impulse. The camera shutter to be actuated may have many specifically difi'erentforms. For the purpose of illustrating an operative em-' odiment of my invention I have shown, in diagram, in Fig. 6, a form of rotative disk shutter G, having a succession of openings line 1 in vertical -at each actuation of R or R 7 I moved through an arc of 20 degrees, .the

'plained, to successively driven from shaft R.

G, G G of relatively increasing areas. These openings are arc shaped concentric withthe shaft or-axis about which the disk rotatively moves. This maybe shaft R as shown, or, as is obvious, it may bea shaft Such a disk shutter is of convenient and appropriate form for iise in controlling access of light to the camera at the receiving station. This disk is to be placed in front of a suitable photographic light chamber in the wall of which is an aperture Z through whichlight is admitted to said chamber whenan' opening G, G, or G is brought into line therewith, the quantityof light admitted being dependent upon the area of said opening G,

G, or G. In order to bring the said openings successively into register with the aperture in the-light chamber, the disk G," is rotativelymoved from left to right as indicated by the arrow. In the drawing, the disk G'is shown in its neutral position before the receipt of any impulse from-the transmitting station, and with the radial position. Assuming that either of the magnets the shutter disk G is rotatively first impulse received acts, as above ex energize-the magnetsR and R and then both said magnets andassociated parts are-restored to their "normal or rest positions. The actuation of magnet R causes the radial line 2 to be brought into' vertical position. This, l1QW- ever, does not open the aperture Z to admit ,light to the camera chamber, and conse- R first operating to rotatively et R and hence imreceived over theline will cause camera chamber quently the receiving film surface corre-. sponding to this position of the shutter will.

' be-dark. The immediately succeeding actu ation of magnet R causes the radial shutter line 3 to be brought into vertical 'posi- '70 tion thereb bringing the opening G into register wit the aperture Z, and admitting sutficient-light to the camera chamber to produce a dark gray on the receiver film or print. The second impulse received brings 5 the radial-line 4 into vertical position when" magnet R? is energized, which does not alter the amount of the light j admitted to, the

since the aperture- Z still: remains in register with the opening G. But the immediately succeeding energization of magnet R brin s the enlarged opening Gr into register wit the, apertures, with 4 the radial line 5, in vertical position, thereby admitting more light to the camera chamher and producing a light gray eifect on thereceiving film. The third impulse received over the line operates, in like manner, to first bring the radial line 6 into vertical po sition, which does not affect any change in the light admitted, and then to bring theradial line 7, into vertical position which brings the opening G into register with the aperture Z andadmits the maximum of light to the camera chamber, thereby producing the efiect of white on the receiving film. -Thisvcoinpletes the cycle of oper-- ation, andI have described the actionwhic-h takes place when three successive short or dot impulses are sent and received,

these, as above explained, corresponding to the continuously successive movements of the transmitting stylus from a minimum to a maximum height of surface on the transmitting relief-film. That is, the operation passes successively through the sequence of stages required to reproduce a succession of colors or shades of the picture say, from dark to light through the intermediate staIges of dark gray and light gray.

f however, at any point in the forward cycle of operationiabove described, it is necessary to; reverse the process, that-is, if, instead of the transmitting stylus progressing continuously from a minimum toa maximum height on the relief film at the transmitting station, it is required to pass at some intermediate point from a higher to a lower elevation on said film, the impulses sent tothe line are of longer dura- 'tiontheoretically twice'as longas those sent to line by the forward c'ycle. These impulses, as above explained are ofv the order of dashes. The duration of the dash impulses is of course to be determined byoperating conditions and is controlled by suitable adjustments. These im-. pulses affect the apparatus as followsrThe first ,dash impulse energizes the line relay magnet R, as'before, causing its armature R to be attracted against terminal R, thereby closing the circuit of magnet R as before. The resulting energization of this magnet causes arm R to be moved,'thereby rotatively actuating shaft B, through one step in the same direction as before. At the the closing of this circuit last traced does not affect said magnet B. This result of Y failing to energize the magnet R except when a dash impulse-is sent or a continued contact of R with B, for a sufficient interval of time is maintained may be ac- .complished in. any. other suitable manner well known to persons skilled in the art,

' the momentary contact of R, with B, when magnet R- is energized by. a short or dot impulse,'not being sulficient'to cause magnet R to be sufliciently energized. When I therefore a dash, impulse is operating,

its duration being greater than that of the dot impulse-before described, the member'R is held against terminal R a suf and carries a pivoted pawl ficient length of time to permit the magnet R to become sufliciently'energized to cause it to'accomplish its purpose. The plun er R of magnet R carries an arm 31 which is normally retracted b a springlt,

operates witha ratchet R on shaft R. The arrangement and relation of arm'R,

pawl R and ratchet R relatively-to the shaft R is such that whenvthemagn etR is sufliciently energized, the shaft R is rotatively moved in reverse direction tothat in which it is actuatedby the ratchets .45

It will be remembered that at'each f dot .impulse sent. to line thegshaft R ,is given two steps of .rotative' movementfor-wardlv,

one d t th h i tib' f t-Ra' film is operated; in cylindrical form, thereand one to that of magnet R. It will also:

a be remembered that when a 'dash ima.

-gization of magnet 1 --movement of shaft R andhence of-the pulse is sent to line-the first action is tolmpart another stegkof rotative movement 23 by reason of the re sulting energization' of magnet R There fore if. a dot impulse sent to line is im medlately followed ;b a dash impulse,"

forwardly to shaft 'in order to suflicient y displace the shaft R rotatively, inthe-reverse direction to pass from one color or shade of thepicture to the next'inthesequential order thereof,

it isnecessary to secure from each enershutter G, through a distance correspond- This action A transmitting film a reverse rotative ing to three forward steps of displacement thereof. This result may be secured in any suitable or convenient manner through suitable reduction gear connections between ratchet R and shaft B. As illustrative of the principles involved I have shown the ratchet R of approximately one third the diameter of ratchets R R and consequently when moved by the energi'zation of magnet R the shaft R is displaced to an extent three times greater than when dispzlaced b or f. Three successive longer or dash impulses sent to line, as would be the case if the transmitting stylus passed in successive order continuously from a 'maximum to a minimum height on the relief film, would thus rotatively displace the camera shutter through an angular distance equivalent to that of nine shorter or dot impulses, namely, the six forward steps due to three dot impulses, as above explained,

and three additional forward steps effected as initially incidental to the three dash impulses.

- It is for the purpose of accommodating the additional forward step of rotation of the camera shutter as an initial incident to'each dash impulse without interfering with or varying the amount of light admitted to the receiving camera by reason of such additional forward step that each opening G, G G of the shutter 'is elongated to an extent corresponding to two steps of rotative movement of the shutter.

the actuation of either magnet By such arrangement and relation of open- .ings in the shutter I avoid the possibility of even momentarily admitting light through,

say, the second or the'third opening-when it is desired to reverse from the first to the -minimum, or from the second to the first stages, and which would be destructive of practicalsuccessful photographic transmission;

- It will, of course, be understood that the receiving film will correspond inrelative ar-" qrangement and "relation, to the transmitting film. That. is to say, where the transmitting ceiving film is likewise-of cylindrical form. In this case the receiving film will be revolved axially and moved endwise in exact synchronismwiththe transmitting film, the

synchronizing arrangement hereinabove described to secure these results.

It is believed that'the operation of'the system will be fully understood front the foregoing description taken. in connection with the accompanying drawings, and briefly is as foliows:--

from -aj'picture to beftransmittei-and a sen- 7 v sitized, receiving photographic film is arranged at the receivin station toreceiverthe transmitted picture.

These films are oper-' l .1 5 is suitably prepared I ated in synchronism.- tracing stylus opcrates over the transmitting film, and the movements imparted thereto by following the irregular'surface of said film are employed to send current impulses to line,

the impulses due tothe movement of the stylus in one direction being of shorter duration than those due'to the movement of said stylus in the opposite direction. The

movements of the stylus in either direction 3.16111 accordance with a fixed invariable sequence of shades of the pictureto betransmitted. .The impulses thus sent to, line are.

utilized at the .receiving station to correspondingly operate. a'camera shutter at that station which controlsthe action of a camera upon the receiving film.

It is to be understood that in the broadest scope of my invention as defined in the claims I am not to vbe limited or restricted to the specific details of structure arrangementand operation shown and described, as

variationsxtherefrom and changes therein throughout a wide range would readily occur to persons skilled inthe art, and still fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.

But what I claim as new and useful, and of my own invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,- 1. In an apparatus of thecharacter described, a line circuit and means to send current impulses to the line circuit, in combination with means to maintain the sequential order of the impulses in accordance with the'successive shades or colors to or from one extreme or the other of the photograph or picture to be transmitted, each impulse operating to leave the apparatus in condition for the action of the next succeeding impulse Whether it corresponds to a shade or color toward or away from either extreme', the impulses corresponding to the pro-.

gressive shades from 'one'extreme being of equal value and those corresponding to the progressive shades from the other extreme being of equal value and of relative shorter duration than, said first mentioned impulses.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, aline-circuit, a source of current, contacts to-control the circuit connections ofthe current source to the line, said contacts arranged in sets, one set corresponding to the 7 progressive shades, from maximum to mini- .mum oi. a photograph or picture to be transmitted, and the other set corresponding to the said shades from minimum to maximum, and means controlled in accordance with said shades and in the sequential order thereoffor closing said contacts in succession.

3. {In an apparatus of the class described, a line circuit, a source of current, contacts I to control the circuit connections of the ourrent. source to the line, said contacts arranged in sets, one set corresponding to the progressive shades from maximum to mini- I mum of a photograph or picture to be trans mitted, and the other set corresponding to the said shades from minimum to maximum, the duration of closure of one set of contacts exceeding that of the other set, and means controlled in accordance with said shades and in, the sequential order thereof for closing said contacts.

4:. In an apparatus of the class described, a line circuit, a source of current, relays for closing the circuit connection of the current source to the line, said relays operating in sequential order corresponding to'the pro gressive shades of a photograph or picture to be transmitted, the actuation of each relay operating to open its own circuit and to close contacts in the circuit of the next relay in the sequential order thereof, and

means controlled in accordance with the said shades for controlling the circuits 0165316.-

relays.

'5. In an apparatus of theclass described, a line circuit, a source of current, relays arranged in sets and operating in sequential order to close the circuit connection of the current source to line, and means controlled in accordance with the shades and lights of a photograph or picture to be transmltted for controlling the circuits of said relays n theh progressive order of said shades and 1g a v 6. In an apparatus of-the class described, a line circuit, a source of current, relays arranged in sets and operating in sequential order to close the circuit connection of the' current source to line, the duration of closure of one set being greater than that of the other set, and means controlled in accordance with the shades and lights of a photograph or picture to be transmitted for controlling the circuits of said relays in the progressive order of said shades and lights.

In an apparatus of the class described,

a line circuit, a source of current, relays for closing the circuit connection of the current source to line, means for adjusting the duration of the closure of said'connections, and means controlled in accordance with the shades and lights or. a photograph or pi ture, for controlling the circuits of sa1drelays in the sequential. order of occurrence ofsaid shades and lights in the photograph or picture.

a line circuit, a source of current,relaysl for closing the circuit connection of the current source to line, said relays arrangedin sets,

8. In an apparatus of the class described, I

the relays of one set arranged to qperate in the successive order of the shades o a photo graph from minimum to maximum, and -those of the other set in the successive ,re-

verse order of said-shades, and means for opcratingsaid relays in accordance with said shades p 9 In an apparatus'of the class described,

sequential order thereof. .50

a line circuit, a source of current, relays for closing the circuit connection of the current source to line, said relays arranged in sets, the relays of one set arran ed to operate in the successive order of the s ades of a photograph from minimum to maximum, and those of the other set in the successive reverse order of said shades, means for operating said relays in accordance with said shades, and means whereby the actuation of any relay of either set places the next successive relay of the set in condition for operation.

10. In an apparatus of the class descrlbed, a line circuit, a source of current, relays for closing the clrcuit connection of the current source to line, means for adjusting the duration of the closure of said connections, and

means controlled in accordance with the shades and lights of a photograph or picture, for controlling the circuits ofsaid relays in the sequential order of occurrence of said shades and lights in the photograph or picture and means whereby the actuation of a relay places the next successive relay in condition for actuation.

11. In an apparatus of the class described, means to impress current impulses upon the line inthe successive sequential order of occurrence of shades in a photograplnwhether such order is progressive from mmlmum to maximum or the reverse, and means controlled by said current impulses to control the size of a light aperture to duplicate said shades in like order at the receiving station.

12. In an apparatus of the class described,

a transmitting apparatus including means successive sequential order of occurrence of shades in a photograph Whether such order' is progressive from minimum toward maximum or the reverse, and'utilizing said 1mpulses to control the size ofa light opening I "to thereby in like order eifect the duplicato line in the successive sequential v order of tion of'said shades at the receiving station. a 14. The method which consists in trans mitting dot and dash currentimpulse's occurrence of shades ina photograph, the

dot impulses corresponding to the said. i shades in progressive order from minimum toward maximum, and the dash impulses corresponding to the'said shades in reverse 1 order, and utilizing said impulses to con-"I trol in like order the duplication of said shades at' the receiving station:-

15. The method which consists intransmitting current impulses to line in a fixed successive sequential order of'occurrence of shades in a photograph, whether such order 1s progresslve from mlnlmum toward maximum, or the reverse, and utilizing said 1111-- pulses to control in like order the size of" exposure to corresponding degrees of,light of a receiving sensitized film.

16, The method which consists transmitting current impulses to line --in a fix'ed successive order corresponding to; the'fixed rotation' of shades in a photograph or picture from minimum toward maximum or the reverse, and utilizing said impulses to as control, in like order, the corresponding degrees of the size 0f exposure of a sensitized film to light at the receiving station.

17 In-an apparatusof the class described, a line circuit, and means to send current impulses of uniform intensity to line in a fixed sequential order corresponding to the occurrence of shades in a photograph, in

combination with means at the receiving end o1"? the line controlled by said current impulses to control the size of a light aperture to duplicate the shades of said photograph in like, order. v

18; In an apparatus of the class described, a line circuit, and means to send current impulses of uniform intensity to line in a fixed sequential order corresponding to the. occurrence, of shades in a photograph, in

combination -with a sensitized receiving film at the receivingstation, and meanscontrolled by said line impulses to control the size of a light aperture for duplicating the shades of the photograph in. like order on said film, X v

' 19. In an apparatus of the class described, a line circuit and means to send current impulses thereover in a fixed sequential'order corresponding to the occurrence ofshades in a photograph, said impulses being of uniform intensity but varylng in duration according to whether the successive shades progress from minlmum toward max mum or the reverse, in comblnation w1th a sensitiz'ed film at the receiving station, and I means controlled bysaid line impulses-to control the size of a light aperture for du-- plicating said shades, in like order, on said pulses thereover in a fixed sequential order corresponding to the occurrence of shades 20. In an apparatus of the class described,

a line circuit and means to send current imv in a photograph, in combination with a'sensitizedlfilm at the receiving station, a shutter'for exposing the same to light,'said'shutter having an opening therethrough o'frelatively increased area corresponding to the photographic shades, and means controlled by said line impulses'for correspondingly operating said shutter.

21. In an apparatus of the class described,

a line circuit and means to send current impulses thereover 1n the sequential order correspondlng to the occurrence of shades 1n a photograph, in combination with a sensitized receiving film, a step by step mechanism for exposing the same to light in vary ing, degree corresponding to the photographic shades, each received impulse operating to actuate said mechanism through two steps.

22.'II 1 an apparatus of the class described, a line circuit, and means-to send current impulses thereover in the sequential vorder corresponding to the occurrence of shades in a photograph, in combination with a sensitlzed receiving film, a step by step mechanism for exposing the same to light in varying degree corresponding to the photographic shades, said impulses varying in duration according to whether the successive shades, progress from minimum t to maximum, or the reverse, the impulses operating said mechanism in one direction or the other according to the duration thereof.

23. In an apparatus of the class described, a line circuit, and means to send current impulses thereover in the sequential order corthe reverse, each impulse of one duration operating to actuate said shutter in onedirectlon and each impulse of longerv duration .operatmgto actuate it inthe other direction.

2 4. In an apparatus of the class described, a lme c1rcu1t, and;means to send current impulses thereover in the sequential order corresponding to the occurrence of shades in'a photograph, in combination with a sensitized receiving film, a shutter to control the j exposure of the film to light, sa1d shutter having an opening of progressively varying size corresponding to the photographic two steps in one direction, and each imp'u se of longer duration operating to' actuate 1t through one step in the same direction and i,

three steps in the reverse direction. v

25. In an' apparatus for transmltting photographs, pictures or the like telegraphip:

cally, allne c1rcu1t,--a transmitting machine anda receivlng machine, means ior operatin accordance with electrical-impulses pf equal duration to line'from said transmit- 'ing said receiving machine-in one direction ting machine,.=andmeans for reversing the operation of-said-recelvi-ng machine-1n ac- I.

cordance with electricalimpulses of greater duration to line from said transmitting machine. 1;

26. In an apparatus forntransmitting photographs, pictures or theli-ke telegra hi- I cally, a line circuit,- va transmitting mac e and a receiving machme, means for operatance with electrical impulses to. line from sa1d tIaJlSIIllttlDg machine, and means for reversing sa1d receiving machine through graph to be transmitted. y In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the'pre'sence of the'subscribing witnesses, on this-13rd: day of-June A.- D., 1915.. Y

lvitnessesz I A. B. THomg,- g DARB '80 ing said receiving machine. in one direction. I through a'fixed sequence of steps in accord- ELnoMANs. V

55 shades, said impulses varying in duration according as thephotographio shades progress from minimum toward maximum,flor the reverse, each-impulsezof oile' iduration operating toactuate said shutterflthrou h.

85 the reverse of said fixed. sequence. of steps, in accordance with the: shades of the photm' 

